Evolution of operating systems, Types of operating systems.The process concept, system programmer's view of processes, operating system's views of processes, operating system services for process management.

Scheduling concepts, scheduling algorithms, algorithm evaluation, multiple processor scheduling, real time scheduling.

Critical regions, Conditional critical regions, Monitors, Interprocess communication, Messages, Pipes, Semaphores, Modularization, Synchronization, Concurrent languages. Deadlocks: Characterization, Prevention, Avoidance, Detection and Recovery, Combined approach to Deadlock Handling, precedence graphs.

Memory Management, Contiguous allocation, static-swapping, overlays, dynamic partitioned memory allocation, demand paging, page replacement, segmentation. Noncontiguous allocation, paging, Hardware support, Virtual Memory.

A Simple file system, General model of a file system, Symbolic file system, Access control verification, Logical file system, Physical file system, Allocation strategy module, Device strategy module, I/O initiators, Device handlers, Disk scheduling.

Network operating system, distributed operating system, external security, operational security, password protection, access control, security kernels, hardware security, layered approach, design principle.